关键词: 前列腺增生, 大鼠, 丙酸睾酮, 最佳给药剂量

Abstract: Objective　To establish a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by testosterone propionate in olive oil and to optimize the dosage.Methods　Twenty male SD rats were stratified and randomly assigned to groups based on body weight. Fifteen rats in the model group were divided into low-dose (5 mg/kg), medium-dose (7.5 mg/kg), and high-dose (10 mg/kg) groups (n= 5), receiving daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate dissolved in olive oil. The control group (n=5) received an equal volume of olive oil (0.1 mL/100 g) subcutaneously. All treatments lasted for 29 consecutive days, and body weights were recorded weekly. 24 h after the final injection, the animals were sacrificed. The prostate, seminal vesicles, and coagulating glands were harvested to calculate organ indices (wet weight/body weight ×100%). Histomorphological changes (acinar wall thickness and papillary epithelial hyperplasia) were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Lesion severity was evaluated using a semi-quantitative histopathological scoring system (grades 0-4) for the accessory sex glands and quantitative image analysis of the lumen-to-stroma ratio in prostate tissue. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.Results　All model groups successfully developed benign prostatic hyperplasia. The pathological score in each dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The gonadal index in all dose groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the prostate index in the high-dose group was significantly higher than that in the low-dose group (P<0.05). The proportion of glandular lumen area in each dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and interstitial fibrosis was aggravated in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion　Under the fixed administration period (29 d) and subcutaneous injection route, testosterone propionate at doses of 5-10 mg/kg can effectively establish a BPH model, with the high-dose group exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The medium-dose group showed intermediate values for all parameters, exhibiting a dose-dependent trend.

Key words: prostatic hyperplasia, rat, testosterone propionate, optimal dosage